Environmental Law, the State, and the People

Examining the Reciprocal Obligations of Protection

Authors

  • Febri Hastiyanto Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Femmy Silaswaty Faried Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Nourma Dewi Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v7i1.322

Keywords:

Environmental Disputes, Customary Law, Law Enforcement

Abstract

Widespread environmental degradation in Indonesia frequently gives rise to conflicts among local communities, the state, and business entities. Although Law No. 32 of 2009 provides a legal framework for resolving environmental disputes, the effectiveness of its implementation remains uncertain. This study examines the efficacy of both litigation and non-litigation mechanisms—particularly mediation and administrative approaches—in addressing such disputes. It also assesses the integration of customary law into the national legal system and identifies critical weaknesses in the enforcement of environmental regulations. Employing a normative legal approach supported by case studies of nine environmental conflict cases, the findings indicate that mediation and administrative legal processes often fail to deliver ecological justice. Moreover, customary law remains insufficiently harmonized with formal legal structures. Weak law enforcement, overlapping institutional authorities, and limited community participation further hinder effective resolution. The study concludes that regulatory reform, the strengthening of customary legal systems, and community empowerment are essential to enhancing environmental dispute resolution in Indonesia.

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References

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Published

2025-07-06

How to Cite

Hastiyanto, F. ., Faried, F. S., & Dewi, N. (2025). Environmental Law, the State, and the People: Examining the Reciprocal Obligations of Protection. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 7(1), 570–586. https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v7i1.322

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Febri Hastiyanto, Femmy Silaswaty Faried, Nourma Dewi

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