Repositioning Gratification as an Ordinary Criminal Offense in Indonesia’s Criminal Law System: a Conceptual Analysis and Directions for Legal Reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v8i1.393Keywords:
Corruption Offenses,, Criminal Law,, Criminal Offenses,, Ordinary Criminal OffensesAbstract
Gratification under the Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law (Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi) is classified as a special criminal offense characterized by a repressive approach, a broad legal definition, and the application of a reverse burden of proof. This regulatory framework raises normative concerns following the enactment of the 2023 National Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana), which emphasizes the principles of legality, culpability, and proportionality in sentencing. This study aims to examine the legal construction of gratification, identify regulatory disharmony between the Anti-Corruption Law and the National Criminal Code, and assess the urgency of reformulating the legal status of gratification within the Indonesian criminal law system. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds a paradigmatic divergence and a heightened risk of overcriminalization resulting from the absence of a clearly defined mens rea element. The study concludes that reclassifying gratification as an ordinary criminal offense with differentiated sanctions is necessary to achieve a just, consistent, and effective criminal justice system.
Downloads
References
Journals
Angkasa, Nitaria, Tirta Gautama, and Ridwan Ridwan. “Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Justice Law: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 2 (2022): 20–33. https://scholar.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/2554.
Athallah, Arraeya Arrineki, K N Sofyan Hasan, and Henny Yuningsih. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Di Indonesia.” Lex Lata: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (2024): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v6i1.2854.
Bego, Karolus Charlaes, Johari Johari, Yudi Krismen, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, and Muchamad Taufiq. “Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Dalam Jabatan Publik: Studi Perbandingan Antara KUHP Dan UU Tipikor.” Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains 8, no. 8 (2025): 5074–81. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i8.8429.
Bethesda, Elisabeth. “Masyarakat Memandang Gratifikasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum 5, no. 2 (2019): 62–75. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v5i2.18311.
Bustomi, Bustomi. “Kajian Yuridis Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Oleh Pejabat Negara.” Aladalah: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora 2, no. 1 (2024): 284–292. https://doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v2i1.798.
Daeng M, Mohamad Yusuf, Dedi Andriyan, and Hafidz Syukri Hamdani. “Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Bentuk Gratifikasi.” Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 2946–2959. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/660.
Dhumillah, Dewic Sri Ratnaning, and Setya Budi Dias Oktavianto. “Konsep Relevansi Kejahatan Trading Influence Dan Gratifikasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Iblam Law Review 5, no. 1 (2025): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v5i1.526.
Iskandar, Irvan Sebastian. “Konsepsi Gratifikasi Sebagai Korupsi Bagi Pejabat Publik.” Jurnal Administrasi Publik 14, no. 2 (2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31506/jap.v14i2.21863%0A.
Maradona, Tigana Barkah. “Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Di Indonesia Ditinjau Dari Aspek Budaya Hukum.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 9, no. 1 (2021): 26–39. https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v9i1.52526.
Nasution, Ingka Harsani. “Sistem Pelaporan Gratifikasi Dalam Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dikaitkan Dengan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 2, no. 8 (2021): 1356–1375. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v2i08.219.
Sitompul, Ariman. “Gratification Development in Corruption in Indonesia.” International Asia of Law and Money Laundering 3, no. 1 (2024): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.59712/iaml.v3i1.77.
Yulia, Yulia Monita, Andi Najemi, and Nys Arfa. “Urgensi Pengaturan Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian Dalam Perkara Gratifikasi Pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 7, no. 1 (2023): 40–57. https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v7i1.21931.
Books
Arief, Barda Nawawi. Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2016. https://prenadamedia.com/produk/bunga-rampai-kebijakan-hukum-pidana/.
Atmasasmita, Romli. Reformasi Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia & Penegakan Hukum. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2001.
Hamzah, Andi. Asas - Asas Hukum Pidana. 1st ed. Jakarta: PT Yarsif Watampone, 2005.
Handayani, Asri Reni. “Indikator Keberhasilan Pemberantasan Korupsi.” In Pengetahuan Dasar Antikorupsi Dan Integritas, edited by Zeni Zaenal Mutaqin, 39–57. Bandung: CV Media Sains Indonesia, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Alendra Alendra, Agus Irawan, Iin Pebrianto, Hendra Bustari, Salman Adrian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Sinta ID: 
