Has Increasing Penalties for Teachers Achieved the Goal of Protecting Children?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v7i2.388Keywords:
Criminal Liability , Enhanced Penalties, Child Molestation, AccountabilityAbstract
Cases of child molestation involving teachers have increased, raising serious concerns regarding the effectiveness of Indonesia’s child protection system. As individuals who occupy positions of authority that may be misused, teachers’ criminal liability requires a focused analysis within the framework of Indonesian criminal law. This study examines the forms of criminal liability applicable to teachers who commit child molestation by analyzing the elements of the offense, the principle of culpability, and the scope of their legal responsibility. It also evaluates the implementation of enhanced penalties under Law No. 35 of 2014 and Law No. 17 of 2016, which classify power imbalances as an aggravating factor. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, the study finds that teachers possess full legal capacity and that enhanced penalties are consistently imposed, as power relations are deemed to intensify victimization. In conclusion, the normative foundation for imposing criminal liability and enhanced penalties on teachers who commit child molestation is strong, although greater consistency in application remains necessary.
Downloads
References
Journals
Agrianty, Firly Mega, Sartika Dewi, and Muhammad Abas. “Criminal Liability for Teachers Perpetrating the Rapes of Their Students: Child Protection Law Perspective.” Unes Law Review 6, no. 3 (2024): 9343–50. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1856.
Akhmad, Putra Fahreza Aqila. “Suara Yang Terpendam Relasi Kuasa Terhadap Terjadinya Pelecehan Seksual Di Lingkungan Akademik Malang.” Harmoni: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Dan Sosial 3, no. 1 (2025): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.59581/harmoni-widyakarya.v3i1.4583.
Alauw, Fiolita Chaterine, and Muhammad Abdul Razak. “Tinjauan Yuridis Sanksi Pidan Pencabulan Anak Oleh Pendidik: Studi Putusan No. 203/Pid.Sus/2021/PNSDA.” Dekrit: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum 14, no. 1 (2024): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.55499/dekrit.v14n1.226.
Anis, Riyan, and Bintang Wicaksono. “Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Pelaku Pencabulan Dan Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Di Bawah Umur: Analisa Putusan Nomor 40/Pid.Sus/2024 PN Depok.” Iblam Law Review 4, no. 3 (2024): 109–119. https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v4i3.481.
Christian S P, P Advent, and Junifer Dame Panjaitan. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Korban Dalam Prespektif Undang-Undang Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia.” Action Research Literate 9, no. 7 (2025): 1839–45. https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v9i7.2998.
Fatemaluo, Kartini. “Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Oleh Anak Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pencabulan Terhadap Anak Ditinjau Dari Aspek Kemanfaaatan Hukum.” Jurnal Panah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2025): 177–88. https://doi.org/10.57094/jph.v4i2.1668.
Fuadi, Mohamad Ashif, Mega Alif Marintan, Qisthi Faradina Ilma Mahanani, and Muhammad Aslambik. “Menyoal Ketimpangan Relasi Kuasa Dan Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Di Pesantren: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis.” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 22, no. 2 (2023): 148–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2023.222.148-160.
Hafidzah, Kiki Diah, and Maroni Maroni. “Model Restitusi Sosial Anak Korban Perkosaan Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan Hukum.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 4 (2025): 5297–5310. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i4.2107.
Junaidi, Junaidi, Nashriana Nashriana, and K.N Sofyan. “Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Yang Dilakukan Oleh Oknum Guru Putusan Nomor: 305/Pid.Sus/2017/Pn.Sky.” Lexlata: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 2 (2020): 594–614. https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v2i2.825.
Khaerunisa, Syifa Mega, Deden Najmudin, and Yayan Muhammad Royani. “Sanksi Tindak Pidana Ancaman Kekerasan Pencabulan Terhadap Anak Oleh Tenaga Pendidik Dalam Pasal 82 (1) UU No.17 Tahun 2016 Jo Pasal 15 Ayat (1) Huruf (b) UU No 12 Tahun 2022 Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam.” Realita: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kebudayaan Islam 23, no. 2 (2025): 293–310. https://doi.org/10.30762/realita.v23i2.574.
Laurinsque L.T, Margaretha, Erna Dewi, and Indah Satria. “Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Pelaku Tenaga Pendidik Dalam Melakukan Kejahatan Pencabulan Terhadap Anak: Studi Putusan Nomor 75/PID.SUS/2020/PN Metro.” Wajah Hukum 5, no. 1 (2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.373.
Lowrencha, Lowrencha. “Analisis Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pemberatan Pidana Bagi Tenaga Kependidikan Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pencabulan Terhadap Anak Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Manna Nomor 7/PID.SUS/2018/PN.MNA.” Jurnal Hukum Adigama 4, no. 2 (2021): 3469–88. https://doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v4i2.17920.
Maulani, Anggi Mustavia, and Rusmilawati Windari. “Victim Impact Statement Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Sebuah Urgensi Hukum.” Rechtidee 17, no. 1 (2022): 26–53. https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v17i1.14369.
Sihotang, Agustin Pratama, Deo Agung Haganta Barus, Pingky Monica Hasugian, Reh Bungana Beru Perangin-angin, and Maulana Ibrahim. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Tenaga Pendidik Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencabulan.” Journal of Law and Nation 2, no. 4 (2023): 422–31. https://joln.my.id/index.php/joln/article/view/74.
Books
Muladi, Muladi, and Barda Nawawi Arief. Teori-Teori Dan Kebijakan Pidana. Bandung: Alumni, 2010.
Santoso, Topo. Kriminologi: Suatu Pengantar. Depok: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2025. https://www.rajagrafindo.co.id/produk/kriminologi-suatu-pengantar-topo-santoso/.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Esmeralda Katmini, Rugun Romaida Hutabarat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Sinta ID: 
