The Evidentiary Strength of Land Ownership: A Comparison Between Written Documentation and Twenty Years of Continuous Physical Possession
Keywords:
Evidence, Land Ownership, Physical Control
Abstract
This article analyzes the strength of written evidence and proof of physical possession in registering land rights in Indonesia. This normative juridical research examines laws and regulations related to land registration, particularly GR No. 24/1997 and GR No. 18/2021. The results show that while evidence of physical possession for 20 consecutive years can be the basis for land registration, written evidence tends to have stronger evidentiary power in dispute resolution. However, the Indonesian legal system has no clear hierarchy between the two. Judges have an important role in assessing the evidence presented based on the principles of evidentiary law. This research recommends increased socialization on the importance of land registration and the need for a clearer policy on the hierarchy of evidence in land dispute resolution to improve legal certainty.
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References
Journals
Alvian, Fitra, and Dian Aries Mujiburohman. “Implementasi Reforma Agraria Pada Era Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo.” Tunas Agraria 5, no. 2 (2022): 111–126. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v5i2.176.
Gunanegara, Gunanegara. “Kekuatan Hukum Surat Pernyataan Penguasaan Fisik Sebagai Alas Hak Pengurusan Hak Atas Tanah.” Law Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i3.4864.
Manthovani, Reda, and Istiqomah Istiqomah. “Pendaftaran Tanah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum: Hukum Dan Kesejahteraan 2, no. 2 (2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/jmih.v2i2.744.
Mualifah, Mualifah, Muhammad Jailani, and Lewis Grindulu. “Kekuatan Hukum Surat Pemilikan Sementara Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Pemberian/Penyerahan Hak Atas Tanah.” Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29303/risalahkenotariatan.v3i1.63.
Nugroho, Liana P, and Gunawan Djajaputra. “Kekuatan Pembuktian Sertifikat Hak Pemakaian Tempat Usaha (SHPTU) Sebagai Jaminan Utang (Contoh Kasus SHPTU Pasar Tanah Abang Blok B Jakarta).” Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, no. 7 (2021): 3229–44. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i7.3396.
Salam, Safrin. “Penguasaan Fisik Tanah Sebagai Alat Bukti Kepemilikan Tanah Ulayat Di Pengadilan.” Crepido: Jurnal Mengenai Dasar Dasar Pemikiran Hukum, Filsafat Dan Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.5.1.1-14.
Sari, Indah. “Hak-Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Sistem Hukum Pertanahan Di Indonesia Menurut Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA).” Jurnal Mitra Manajemen 9, no. 1 (2017): 15–33. https://doi.org/10.35968/jmm.v9i1.492.
Sariwati, Retno, and Ferry Anggriawan. “Implementasi Peningkatan Hak Atas Tanah Dari Hak Guna Bangunan Menjadi Hak Milik Untuk Tanah Perumahan.” Bhirawa Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.26905/blj.v3i1.7996.
Silalahi, Rizki Natalina, Isniani Isniani, and Dayat Limbong. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Proses Pemberian Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum Dalam Pembangunan Pelabuhan Terminal Multipurpose Kualatanjung Di Kabupaten Batubara.” Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 1576–83. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i2.1412.
Suartining, Ni Ketut, and Benny Djaja. “Land Rights in the Land Law System in Indonesia According to the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960.” Journal of Social Research 2, no. 6 (2023): 1775–85. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i6.903.
Usman, Abdul Hamid. “Perlindungan Hukum Hak Milik Atas Tanah Adat Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria.” Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.32502/khk.v1i2.2593.
Virgonia, Vanessa, Kevin Girsang, Marina All Bright Br. Hombing, Asyraf Nabil Lantong, and Wandha E.F. Heristianora. “Hak Menguasai Dari Desa Atas Tanah, Hak-Hak Individual Atas Tanah, Konversi Hak Atas Tanah Swapraja.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 1, no. 6 (2020): 66–77. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v1i6.256.
Winata, Meta Nadia. “Analisis Terhadap Tanda Bukti Hak Lama Sebagai Petunjuk Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021.” Indonesian Notary 3 (2021): 44. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/notary/vol3/iss3/44.
Books
Harsono, Boedi. Hukum Agraria Indonesia : Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi Dan Pelaksanaannya. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2003.
Santoso, Urip. Pendaftaran Dan Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2019. https://prenadamedia.com/product/pendaftaran-dan-peralihan-hak-atas-tanah/.
Soerodjo, Irawan. Hukum Pertanahan Hak Pengelolaan Atas Tanah: Eksistensi, Pengaturan Dan Praktik. Edited by Husni Thamrin. Jakarta: Laksbang Mediatama, 2014.
Regulations
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah (1997).
Alvian, Fitra, and Dian Aries Mujiburohman. “Implementasi Reforma Agraria Pada Era Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo.” Tunas Agraria 5, no. 2 (2022): 111–126. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v5i2.176.
Gunanegara, Gunanegara. “Kekuatan Hukum Surat Pernyataan Penguasaan Fisik Sebagai Alas Hak Pengurusan Hak Atas Tanah.” Law Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i3.4864.
Manthovani, Reda, and Istiqomah Istiqomah. “Pendaftaran Tanah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum: Hukum Dan Kesejahteraan 2, no. 2 (2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/jmih.v2i2.744.
Mualifah, Mualifah, Muhammad Jailani, and Lewis Grindulu. “Kekuatan Hukum Surat Pemilikan Sementara Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Pemberian/Penyerahan Hak Atas Tanah.” Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29303/risalahkenotariatan.v3i1.63.
Nugroho, Liana P, and Gunawan Djajaputra. “Kekuatan Pembuktian Sertifikat Hak Pemakaian Tempat Usaha (SHPTU) Sebagai Jaminan Utang (Contoh Kasus SHPTU Pasar Tanah Abang Blok B Jakarta).” Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, no. 7 (2021): 3229–44. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i7.3396.
Salam, Safrin. “Penguasaan Fisik Tanah Sebagai Alat Bukti Kepemilikan Tanah Ulayat Di Pengadilan.” Crepido: Jurnal Mengenai Dasar Dasar Pemikiran Hukum, Filsafat Dan Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.5.1.1-14.
Sari, Indah. “Hak-Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Sistem Hukum Pertanahan Di Indonesia Menurut Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA).” Jurnal Mitra Manajemen 9, no. 1 (2017): 15–33. https://doi.org/10.35968/jmm.v9i1.492.
Sariwati, Retno, and Ferry Anggriawan. “Implementasi Peningkatan Hak Atas Tanah Dari Hak Guna Bangunan Menjadi Hak Milik Untuk Tanah Perumahan.” Bhirawa Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.26905/blj.v3i1.7996.
Silalahi, Rizki Natalina, Isniani Isniani, and Dayat Limbong. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Proses Pemberian Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum Dalam Pembangunan Pelabuhan Terminal Multipurpose Kualatanjung Di Kabupaten Batubara.” Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 1576–83. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i2.1412.
Suartining, Ni Ketut, and Benny Djaja. “Land Rights in the Land Law System in Indonesia According to the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960.” Journal of Social Research 2, no. 6 (2023): 1775–85. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i6.903.
Usman, Abdul Hamid. “Perlindungan Hukum Hak Milik Atas Tanah Adat Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria.” Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.32502/khk.v1i2.2593.
Virgonia, Vanessa, Kevin Girsang, Marina All Bright Br. Hombing, Asyraf Nabil Lantong, and Wandha E.F. Heristianora. “Hak Menguasai Dari Desa Atas Tanah, Hak-Hak Individual Atas Tanah, Konversi Hak Atas Tanah Swapraja.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 1, no. 6 (2020): 66–77. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v1i6.256.
Winata, Meta Nadia. “Analisis Terhadap Tanda Bukti Hak Lama Sebagai Petunjuk Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021.” Indonesian Notary 3 (2021): 44. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/notary/vol3/iss3/44.
Books
Harsono, Boedi. Hukum Agraria Indonesia : Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi Dan Pelaksanaannya. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2003.
Santoso, Urip. Pendaftaran Dan Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2019. https://prenadamedia.com/product/pendaftaran-dan-peralihan-hak-atas-tanah/.
Soerodjo, Irawan. Hukum Pertanahan Hak Pengelolaan Atas Tanah: Eksistensi, Pengaturan Dan Praktik. Edited by Husni Thamrin. Jakarta: Laksbang Mediatama, 2014.
Regulations
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah (1997).
Published
2024-07-11
How to Cite
Permadi, I., & Kusumawati, N. (2024). The Evidentiary Strength of Land Ownership: A Comparison Between Written Documentation and Twenty Years of Continuous Physical Possession. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 6(1), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v6i1.212
Section
Articles
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